More often it is part of the symptomatic complex of schizophrenia, epilepsy, obsessive-phobic or compulsive disorder, depression, and can be of organic origin. But the prolonged course of the syndrome is twice as common in women.Īs an independent nosological unit, this syndrome is considered as a form of neurasthenia, but it is extremely rare in isolated form. The possibility of short-term episodes of depersonalization in the majority of the population (estimated at about 70%) is recognized, and in this case there is no gender-based separation. Some authors did not notice a significant difference between men and women, others, in particular German psychiatrists, note a significant predominance of female patients - four women per male. The gender component is also significant. Opinions of children's psychiatrists differ very significantly, some see rudimentary symptoms from the age of three in children with schizophrenia, others can diagnose pathology closer to ten years. In adults, the symptoms of depersonalization are more common in depressive disorders. The greatest number of cases of such disorders among the youngest patients are the manifestation of mildly progressive schizophrenia, are observed in epileptics, and also teenagers abusing psychoactive substances. However, depressive episodes in adolescents with symptoms of depersonalization are almost never accompanied. The formation of self-awareness occurs in the adolescent period, so the younger generation is at risk. Violation of self-perception can exist for a long time as a reaction to a traumatic event outside the diseases of the central nervous system and a completely healthy, but unduly impressionable and vulnerable person. Clinical manifestations of the syndrome are observed in the symptom-complexes of psychoses, neuroses, progressive mental and general diseases. However, the depersonalization / derealization syndrome can drag on for a long time - for weeks, months, years, no longer depend on the affective background and exist autonomously. The detachment from one's own self and the temporary disconnection of the emotional component of perception for a short time is considered a normal reaction of the human psyche to acute stress, a psychic anesthesia that allows to survive a traumatic event, abstract from emotions, analyze the situation and find a way out of it. A concomitant state is derealization - a complete or partial disturbance of the sensory perception of the surrounding reality, relating exclusively to qualitative changes. Characterized by the phenomenon of a split personality. A person observes his own life detached, often feeling the qualitative changes in his personality, his inability to control his actions, his own body's lack of control. With depersonalization there is a rupture of the reflexively conditioned transition of the real world into the subjective, transformed by the consciousness of that personality, that is, the formation of self-consciousness is interrupted. Such hypertrophied reflexion causes the subject considerable psychological discomfort, he feels himself isolated, aware of the changes that have taken place with him and is very painful about it. The results of the subject's self-examination do not console - the acuity and clarity of the perception of the surrounding reality have disappeared, it is practically not of interest to him, his actions have become natural, they have become automatic, the imagination, the flexibility of the mind, and the imagination have disappeared. He constantly compares himself with the former with himself, analyzes his thoughts, actions, behavior. The subject has a feeling of uniqueness, activity and indivisibility of his personality, the naturalness of her self-expression is lost. Depersonalization is a special psychopathological state of change in the subjective attitude towards one's own "I". Normally, each person delineates his own "I" from the whole surrounding world, somehow evaluating himself, his physical data, the level of knowledge and moral and moral values, his place in society. This phenomenon refers to deviations in the sphere of self-awareness, including both the self-awareness disorder and its cognitive form.
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